A-LEVEL BIOLOGY(CIE) – Exam-Corner

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Cell structure 10 Topics

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Roles of ATP

ATP as an Energy Source

The Synthesis and Hydrolysis of ATP

The Structure of ATP

Magnification and Resolution

Calculating Cell Size

Studying Cells: Confocal Microscopes

Studying Cells: Electron Microscopes

Studying Cells: Light Microscopes

Life Cycle and Replication of Viruses

Biological molecules 10 Topics

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Properties of Water

Structure of Water

Test for Lipids and Proteins

Tests for Carbohydrates

Protein Structures: Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Protein Structures: Tertiary and Quaternary Structures

Protein Structures: Primary and Secondary Structures

Protein Formation

Proteins and Amino Acids: An Introduction

Phospholipid Bilayer

Enzymes 6 Topics

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Enzymes: Inhibitors

Enzymes: Rates of Reaction

Enzymes: Intracellular and Extracellular Forms

Enzymes: Mechanism of Action

Enzymes: Key Concepts

Enzymes: Introduction

Cell membranes and transport 8 Topics

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Transport Across Membranes: Active Transport

Investigating Transport Across Membranes

Transport Across Membranes: Osmosis

Transport Across Membranes: Diffusion

Signalling Across Cell Membranes

Function of Cell Membranes

What is a Cell Membrane Structure in A-Level Biology?

Structure of Cell Membranes

The mitotic cell cycle 5 Topics

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Chromosome Mutations

Cell Division: Checkpoints and Mutations

Cell Division: Phases of Mitosis

Cell Division: The Cell Cycle

Cell Division: Chromosomes

Nucleic acids and protein synthesis 10 Topics

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Transfer RNA

Transcription

Messenger RNA

Introducing the Genetic Code

Genes and Protein Synthesis

Synthesising Proteins from DNA

Structure of RNA

DNA Replication

DNA Structure and The Double Helix

Polynucleotides

Transport in plants 6 Topics

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Translocation and Evidence of the Mass Flow Hypothesis

The Phloem

Importance of and Evidence for Transpiration

Introduction to Transpiration

The Pathway and Movement of Water into the Roots and Xylem

The Xylem

Transport in mammals 6 Topics

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Controlling Heart Rate

Structure of The Heart

Transport of Carbon Dioxide

Transport of Oxygen

Exchange in Capillaries

Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

Gas exchange and smoking 7 Topics

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Lung Disease

Pulmonary Ventilation Rate

Ventilation

Structure of the Lungs

General Features of Exchange Surfaces

Understanding Surface Area to Volume Ratio

The Need for Exchange Surfaces

Infectious disease 2 Topics

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Bacteria, Antibiotics, and Other Medicines

Pathogens and Infectious Diseases

Immunity 5 Topics

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Types of Immunity and Vaccinations

Structure and Function of Antibodies

The Adaptive Immune Response

Introduction to the Immune System

Primary Defences against Pathogens

Energy and respiration 10 Topics

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Anaerobic Respiration in Mammals, Plants and Fungi

Anaerobic Respiration

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis

Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chain

The Krebs Cycle

The Link Reaction

The Stages and Products of Glycolysis

Glycolysis

The Structure of Mitochondria

The Need for Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis 6 Topics

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Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis

Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Phosphorylation

The 2 Stages of Photosynthesis

Photosystems and Photosynthetic Pigments

Site of Photosynthesis

Overview of Photosynthesis

Homeostasis 3 Topics

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Ectotherms and Endotherms

Thermoregulation

Plant Responses to Changes in the Environment

Control and co-ordination 10 Topics

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The Nervous System

Sources of ATP During Contraction

The Ultrastructure of the Sarcomere During Contraction

The Role of Troponin and Tropomyosin

The Structure of Myofibrils

Slow and Fast Twitch Muscles

The Structure of Mammalian Muscles

How Muscles Allow Movement

The Neuromuscular Junction

Features of Synapses

Inherited change 4 Topics

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Calculating Genetic Diversity

How Meiosis Produces Variation

Cell Division By Meiosis

Importance of Meiosis

Selection and evolution 3 Topics

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Types of Selection

Mechanism of Natural Selection

Types of Variation

Biodiversity, classification and conservation 7 Topics

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Biodiversity and Gene Technology

Factors Affecting Biodiversity

Biodiversity Calculations

Introducing Biodiversity

The Three Domain System

Phylogeny and Classification

Classifying Organisms