A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY (CIE)

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE 8 Topics

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Ionization energies

Periodicity – Classification

Bonding – Ion Formation

Electron Arrangement

Electrons in Atoms

Element Isotopes

Atomic and Mass Number

Subatomic Particles

ATOMS MOLECULES AND STOICHIOMETRY 8 Topics

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Bonding – Ion Formation

Amount of Substance – Calculating Percentage Yields

Amount of Substance – Stoichiometric Calculations

Amount of Substance – Balancing Chemical Equations

Amount of Substance – Empirical and Molecular Formulae

Further Mole Calculations

The Mole and The Avogadro Constant

Measuring Relative Masses

CHEMICAL BONDING 6 Topics

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Hydrogen Bonding in Water

Forces Between Molecules

Bond Polarity

Molecular Shapes

Properties of Metallic Bonding

Covalent Bonds

STATES OF MATTER 4 Topics

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Predicting Structures

Carbon Allotropes

Properties of Metallic Bonding

Covalent Bonds

ELECTROCHEMISTRY 8 Topics

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Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Equations – Balancing Redox Equations

Redox Processes

Oxidation States

Electrode Potentials and Electrochemical Cells – Electrochemical Cells Reactions

Representing Electrochemical Cells

Electrode Potentials

Half Cells and Full Cells

Balancing Redox Equations

EQUILIBRIA 17 Topics

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Acids and Bases – Drawing pH Curves

Acid-Base Indicators

The pH Scale and Strong Acids

Neutralisation Reactions

Acid and Base Strength

The Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory

Equilibrium Constant for Homogenous Systems – Le Chatelier’s Principle in Gas Equilibria

Gas Equilibria and Kp

Changing Kp

Gas Partial Pressures

Acids and Bases – Titrations

Buffer Action

Dilutions and pH

pH of Strong Bases

The Acid Dissociation Constant, Ka

The pH Scale and Strong Acids

Acid and Base Strength

REACTION KINETICS 2 Topics

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Kinetics – The Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution and Catalysts

The Collision Theory and Reaction Rates

THE PERIODIC TABLE 4 Topics

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Properties of Period 3 Compounds

Reactivity of Period 3 Elements

Trends Along Period 3

Classification

GROUP 2 2 Topics

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Reactions of Group 2 Elements

Group 2, The Alkaline Earth Metals

GROUP 17 4 Topics

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The Halogens -Halide Ions and their Reactions

Disproportionation Reactions in Halogens

Reactions with Halogens

Group 7, The Halogens

INTRO TO AS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 12 Topics

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Optical Isomerism

Alkanes – Alkanes: Properties and Reactivity

Structural Isomers

E/Z Isomerism

Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry

General Formulae

Introduction to Functional Groups

Naming and Representing Organic Compounds

Bonding – Covalent Bonds

Electrophilic Substitution Reactions in Benzene

Benzene Nomenclature

Improved Benzene Model

HYDROCARBONS 8 Topics

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Alkenes – Addition Polymerisation in Alkenes

Alkenes – Alkene Structure and Reactivity

Alkanes – Obtaining Alkanes

Alkanes – Alkanes: Properties and Reactivity

Reactivity of Substituted Benzene

Friedel-Crafts Acylation and Alkylation

Halogenation Reactions in Benzene

Acyl Groups

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 3 Topics

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Organic Synthesis: Aromatic Compounds

Organic Synthesis: Aliphatic Compounds

Identification of Functional Groups

HYDROXYL COMPOUNDS 4 Topics

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Aldehydes and Ketones – Testing for Carbonyl Compounds

Alcohols – Alcohol Reactivity

Alcohol oxidation

Introduction to Alcohols

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives – Properties and Reactivity of Carboxylic Acids 1 Topic

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Properties and Reactivity of Esters

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 4 Topics

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Amines – Nitriles

Amine Synthesis

Introduction to Amines

Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA – Structure of Amino Acids

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 8 Topics

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Organic Analysis – Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

Atomic Structure – Mass Spectrometry

High Resolution ¹H NMR

Types of NMR: Hydrogen

Types of NMR: Carbon 13

NMR Samples and Standards

Different Types of Chromatography

Chromatography

CHEMICAL ENERGETICS 10 Topics

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Thermodynamic – Calculations involving Free Energy

Gibbs Free Energy

Entropy Change Predictions

Total Entropy Changes

Introduction to Entropy

Calculating Enthalpy Changes of Solution

Enthalpy of Solution

Enthalpy of Hydration

Calculations involving Born-Haber Cycles

Construction of Born-Haber Cycles

REACTION KINETICS, CATALYSTS 10 Topics

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Transition Metals as Homogeneous Catalysts

Transition Metals as Heterogeneous Catalysts

Reaction Determining Steps

Reaction Half Lives

Uses of Clock Reactions

Determining Orders of Reactions Graphically

Temperature Changes and the Rate Constant

The Rate Constant

Introduction to Orders of Reactions

The Rate Equation

CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION METALS 10 Topics

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Examples of Redox Reactions in Transition Metals

Iodine-Sodium Thiosulfate Titrations

Carrying Titrations with Potassium Permanganate

Ligand Substitution Reactions

Colour in Transition Metal Ions

Optical Isomerism in Complex Ions

Cis-Trans Isomerism in Complex Ions

Complex Ion Shape

Ligands

Introduction to Complex Ions

POLYMERISATION 3 Topics

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Polymer Biodegradability

Condensation Polymers

Polyamide Formation